Differential Learning Versus Repetitive Practice: Effects on Football Dribbling Skill Acquisition and Retention in Adolescent Players
- جامعة سامراء ROR
الملخص
This study compared the effects of differential learning (DL) and repetitive practice (RP) on dribbling skill acquisition, retention, and transfer in adolescent male football players. Thirty-six players (age: 14.2 ± 1.1 years) were randomised to DL (n = 18) or RP (n = 18) groups and completed a ten-week skill training programme (three sessions per week). Dribbling performance was assessed using the Mor-Christian General Soccer Ability Skills Test battery. The DL group demonstrated significantly superior performance on the week-10 acquisition test (p < 0.001; d = 1.76) and retention test (p < 0.001; d = 2.04) compared to the RP group, despite similar performance at week 5 (p > 0.05). Transfer scores on a novel obstacle-dribbling task were also significantly higher in the DL group (p = 0.002; d = 1.41). These findings indicate that differential learning produces more durable and transferable football dribbling skills in adolescent players than conventional repetitive practice.
المراجع
- Araújo, D., Davids, K., & Hristovski, R. (2006). The ecological dynamics of decision making in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7(6), 653-676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.002
- Bortoli, L., Robazza, C., Durigon, V., & Carra, C. (1992). Effects of contextual interference on learning technical sports skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75(2), 555-562. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.2.555
- Brady, F. (1998). A theoretical and empirical review of the contextual interference effect and the learning of motor skills. Quest, 50(3), 266-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1998.10484283
- Davids, K., Button, C., & Bennett, S. (2008). Dynamics of skill acquisition: A constraints-led approach. Human Kinetics.
- Farrow, D., & Buszard, T. (2017). Exploring the applicability of the contextual interference effect in sports practice. Progress in Brain Research, 234, 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.08.002
- Gröger, S., & Schöllhorn, W. I. (2004). Differential training as a strategy to reduce competition-induced performance decrements. Coaching & Sport Science Journal, 6(1), 28-35.
- Hall, K. G., Domingues, D. A., & Cavazos, R. (1994). Contextual interference effects with skilled baseball players. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78(3), 835-841. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3.835
- Kelso, J. A. S. (1995). Dynamic patterns: The self-organization of brain and behavior. MIT Press.
- Lola, A. C., & Tzetzis, G. C. (2012). The effect of explicit, implicit and discovery learning on transfer of a tennis skill. International Journal of Sport Science & Coaching, 7(3), 573-588. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.3.573
- Magill, R. A., & Hall, K. G. (1990). A review of the contextual interference effect in motor skill acquisition. Human Movement Science, 9(3-5), 241-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(90)90005-X
- Memmert, D., & Roth, K. (2007). The effects of non-specific and specific concepts on tactical creativity in team ball sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(12), 1423-1432. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410601129755
- Reilly, T., & Williams, A. M. (Eds.). (2003). Science and soccer (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2011). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (5th ed.). Human Kinetics.
- Schöllhorn, W. I., Beckmann, H., Michelbrink, M., Sechelmann, M., Trockel, M., & Davids, K. (2006). Does noise provide a basis for the unification of motor learning theories? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 37(2-3), 186-206.
- Schöllhorn, W. I., Hegen, P., & Davids, K. (2012). The nonlinear nature of learning - A differential learning approach. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 5(1), 100-112. https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399X01205010100
- Schöllhorn, W. I., Mayer-Kress, G., Newell, K. M., & Michelbrink, M. (2009). Time scales of adaptive behavior and motor learning in the presence of stochastic perturbations. Human Movement Science, 28(3), 319-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2008.10.005
- Shea, J. B., & Morgan, R. L. (1979). Contextual interference effects on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of a motor skill. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5(2), 179-187. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.5.2.179
- Simon, D. A., & Bjork, R. A. (2001). Metacognition in motor learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27(4), 907-912. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.27.4.907
- Steenbergen, B., van der Kamp, J., Verneau, M., Jongbloed-Pereboom, M., & Masters, R. S. W. (2010). Implicit and explicit learning: Applications from basic research to sports for individuals with impaired movement. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32(18), 1509-1516. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.497035
- Talpey, S. W., & Siesmaa, E. J. (2017). Sports injury prevention: The role of the sports coach. International Sport Coaching Journal, 4(3), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2016-0009
- Torrents, C., Ric, A., & Hristovski, R. (2015). Creativity and emergence of specific dance movements using instructional constraints. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038706
- Wrisberg, C. A., & Liu, Z. (1991). The effect of contextual variety on the practice, retention, and transfer of an applied motor skill. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62(4), 406-412. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1991.10608739
- Zanone, P. G., & Kelso, J. A. S. (1992). Evolution of behavioral attractors with learning: Nonequilibrium phase transitions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18(2), 403-421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.18.2.403
- Zentgraf, K., & Munzert, J. (2009). Effects of attentional-focus instructions on movement kinematics. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(5), 520-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.02.003
- Zimmerman, B. J., & Kitsantas, A. (1997). Developmental phases in self-regulation of motions: Shifting from process to outcome goals. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.89.1.29
كيفية الاقتباس
Ahmed, M.K. (2026). Differential Learning Versus Repetitive Practice: Effects on Football Dribbling Skill Acquisition and Retention in Adolescent Players. Al-Malwiya Journal of Sport and Movement Sciences, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.65115/zb015d84
